华夏银行违规销售风波未平 拿回本金不追究?

　　华夏银行违规销售风波未平 拿回本金不追究?

　　据《新闻晚报》报道，“解决方案比预期要快，虽然没有拿到承诺的预期收益，一年多了也没有任何利息，但拿回本金已是万幸。 ”对于起码拿出了50万元、不少甚至投了上百万元的投资者来说，华夏银行违规销售理财产品的这个最新进展不说令人满意、至少也是让人安下了心。然而，在自家的地盘违规销售产品，出了事就推给“前员工”、或者让第三方来兜底，即使投资者不闹了，银行又该承担多少责任呢?未来消费者该如何来甄别这种“飞单”产品呢?

　　【事件】 “飞单”产品缺少风险防控

　　昨天最新的进展显示，在华夏银行理财风波中涉事投资者已经拿回了本金。但风波的爆发要从2012年11月26日说起，客户从华夏银行上海嘉定支行购买的“中鼎财富投资中心(有限合伙)入伙计划”首期产品到期，但却发现本息均无法兑付。

　　今年1月9日，华夏银行联同各有关企业召集了说明会。说明会上明确表示由中发担保履行责任，全额收购客户购买的“中鼎系列”产品。 “中鼎入伙计划”产品共分为四期，最后一期产品今年3月到期，四期产品均由中发投资担保有限公司进行担保。

　　一位涉事投资人公开向媒体披露了投资过程：2011年11月，她通过华夏银行上海分行嘉定支行业务经理濮婷婷的介绍，购买了涉案的投资产品“中鼎财富一号股权投资计划”的第一期。为了打消她的犹豫，濮婷婷在银行的办公室里告诉她，嘉定支行行长蒋黎也买了它。之后，投资者才下了购买决心。

　　该期产品于2011年11月25日推出，预期收益11%，产品期限为1年，通商国银资产管理有限公司作为资产管理人，担保方均为中发投资担保有限公司。转眼一年过去，产品到期。 11月26日，濮婷婷将其约到某宾馆，告诉她“产品出事了”，资金的实际使用人已被河南郑州警方控制。 11月29日，濮婷婷也被上海警方刑事拘留。记者获悉，涉案投资产品共有4期，规模共计1.119亿元，经过初步统计，投资人有70余人，加上投资人背后的出资者，可能有上百人受害。

　　记者了解到，通商国银此次发行的“中鼎入伙计划”事实上是一种“有限合伙私募基金”，这种基金有别于传统的私募股权投资基金——投资人认购门槛低，名为投资、实为借贷，并向投资人承诺固定回报;同时其也区别于信托产品，即并未经过信托公司的发行平台，少了一层风险把控。

　　【争议】 银行到底要担多少责任

　　矛盾爆发后，华夏银行上海分行发出公告，称涉案私募产品不是华夏银行产品，也并非银行代销，属于员工私售行为，也就是行业内所称的“飞单”。这一声明显然无法令人满意，也将矛盾进一步激化——

　　“我本来是去买华夏银行自己的产品，单子都填好了放在柜台上，大堂经理看到我要买110万元额度，就说贵宾理财室里面有个收益率更高的产品在销售，于是我才上当的。 ”一位投资人说。

　　“根据一般规定，银行汇款是有限额的。 5万元以上就要经理授权，我们这些投资人都是几百万元地汇，银行怎么可能不知情。 ”另一位受害人说。

　　另一名投资人也表示，自己是在银行办公室里签字购买的产品，卡也是银行的人帮忙刷的，银行怎能最后又说与其无关呢?

　　投资者们称，在赔偿协议达成后，华夏银行当场向这些投资者提出，银行可让他们认购一只年化收益6%的内部理财产品，作为对他们的补偿。事实上，这也是不少银行在理财产品出现亏损、无法向投资者“交待”时的惯用方法。华夏银行表示，想购买的投资者当场就可以把钱转过去，希望客户继续把钱放在华夏银行。

　　一些投资者表示了兴趣，但大部分投资者都没有购买，一位投资者说，他不再相信华夏银行：“出了事就一点都不承认，怎么能够再信赖。 ”另一名投资者说，她已经准备把钱转到其它银行：“我是不敢再买它的理财产品了。这次就当被狗咬了。 ”

　　在重压之下，华夏银行上海分行行长郑超也曾表示：“华夏银行会承担应有的责任，但是需按一定法律程序进行。”华夏银行总行也表示已发过两次公告，说明中鼎产品非该行发行或代销，目前司法部门已介入此事，该行会等待司法结果，依法承担责任。

　　【警钟】 年收益8%以上就要警惕

　　如此大额的欺诈，又是堂而皇之地在银行销售。不免令投资者担心，以后还能不能够信任银行了，面对一些有“诱惑”的高收益产品，到底还能不能买?

　　对此，一位股份制银行行长在接受记者采访时表示，消费者可以在购买产品时多留几个心眼：“比如如果是银行自行开发的产品，合同甲乙双方为投资者与银行，且会加盖银行公章;同时，目前1年期内的银行开发产品，收益率很少超过8%。 ”

　　此外，这位负责人称，大多数银行也会“代销”其他投资产品，如销售基金、信托计划、私募股权基金等。但银行仅为发行渠道，不对产品收益承担风险。判断某种“代销产品”是否真为“代销”，投资者可通过 “查银行网站上是否有公告”、“查网上银行代销产品目录”等途径识别。

　　然而，记者注意到，虽然这起风波中华夏银行难辞其咎，但真正要在法律上让银行行担责并不容易。一位长期在金融司法界工作的律师称：“是否为单位行为，可以看其行为是否在单位规定的业务范围内。只有单位成员在单位规定的事项上实施的行为才是单位行为，否则是个人行为。 ”

　　而从刑法中也能看出这种法律思路：“刑法规定，单位犯罪是为本单位谋取非法利益，经单位集体研究决定或者由有关负责人员决定实施的危害社会的行为。 ”

　　“很多人以为，只要领导也参与了，就是单位行为。这是对法律的误解。 ”律师称，从华夏银行的案例看，濮婷婷的行为也不是职务行为，因为职务行为是指单位员工在规定的职责权限内实施的行为，私卖产品显然在职责权限外。

　　从目前调查事实来看，华夏银行嘉定支行销售的这一投资产品未在总行报备，更未按程序报监管部门审批、报备。这是华夏银行总行对外一直否认这四款理财产品是该行代销的原因所在。有内部人士称：“华夏涉及中鼎一事让监管层非常恼火，甚至引发投资者对中资银行发售的理财产品不信任危机，此次事件也能暴露出银行的部分内控管理失效因素。 ”

Huaxia bank illegal sales storm open back to the principal shall not?

According to the evening news "report," solutions faster than expected, although there is no commitment to the prospective earnings, for over a year now and no interest, but take back the principal is very lucky. "for at least took out 500000 yuan, many even millions of yuan for the investors, huaxia bank illegal sales financial products the latest progress not satisfactory, or at least, also let a person, the heart. However, in their own site illegal sales of products, an accident will push for the "former employee", or let the third party to disclose the ins and outs, even if investors do not make, the bank and the bear much responsibility? The future consumers how to identify the "flying single" products?

【 event 】 "fly single" products lack of risk prevention and control

Yesterday, the latest progress display, in huaxia bank financial turmoil in things investors have take back the principal. But the outbreak of the storm from November 26, 2012 to start, the customer from huaxia bank Shanghai jiading subbranch of a bank to buy "the wealth of investment center (limited partnership) intake plan" initial product maturity, but found that principal and interest are not cash.

This year on January 9,, huaxia bank in conjunction with the relevant enterprise called the presentation. The meeting made clear that the guarantee obligations found, a full takeover of a customer's buying "tripod series" products. "The tripod intake plan" the product is pided into four period, and the final phase of product in March this year, due the fourth stage products are found by the investment company limited by guarantee guarantee.

A reference to the media public investors things about investment process: in November 2011, her through the huaxia bank Shanghai branch jiading branch business manager PuTingTing introduction, buy investment products involved in the tripod with two handles wealth one equity investment plan "of the first period. In order to reassure her hesitate, PuTingTing in bank office told her, jiading branch President JiangLi also bought it. After that, investors can buy the determination.

This period products in November 25, 2011 launch, expected earning 11%, and the time limit for 1 year, trading countries silver asset management co., LTD. As an asset manager, DanBaoFang are found investment guarantee co., LTD. A year in the past, the product maturity. On November 26, PuTingTing its about a hotel, tell her "product had an accident", the actual user of funds has been henan zhengzhou police control. On November 29,, PuTingTing was also Shanghai police criminal detention. The reporter learns, involving investment products there are four period, the scale of 111.9 million yuan, after preliminary statistics, investors have more than 70 people, with investors behind the investor, there may be hundreds of victims.

The reporter understands, the issue of the silver trading countries "tripod intake plan" in fact is a kind of "limited partnership private equity fund, the fund is different from the traditional private equity investment funds, investors subscribe threshold is low, is called investment, loans, and commitment to investors fixed returns; At the same time it is also different from trust products, which have not been trust company's release platform, less a layer of the risk control.

【 dispute 】 the bank will bear much responsibility

After the outbreak of contradiction, huaxia bank Shanghai branch issued announcement, said involving private products not huaxia bank products, not sell goods on a commission basis, belongs to the private bank employees sale behavior, also in the industry is called the "fly single". This statement obviously not satisfactory, will also conflicts intensified --

"I was supposed to buy huaxia bank own products, fill in the list are on the counter, the lobby manager saw me buy 1.1 million yuan line, he said VIP financial room have a higher rate of return products in sales, so I don't fall for it." an investor said.

"According to the general provisions, the bank remittance is limit. 50000 yuan will be authorized manager, we these investors are millions of dollars to collect, the bank may not know how." another victim said.

Another name investors also said that he was in the office in the bank signed purchase products, card is the person of the bank, the bank can help brush last said has nothing to do with?

Investors, according to the compensation agreement, huaxia bank on the spot to the investors put forward, the bank can let them subscribe YiZhi annualised income 6% of internal financial management products, as to their compensation. In fact, this is also a lot of Banks in the financial products appear loss, not to the investors "confessed" of the conventional method. Huaxia bank said, want to buy investors spot can turn money in the past, hope customers continue to put the money in the bank of China.

Some investors said interest, but the majority of investors are not buy, an investor said he no longer believe huaxia bank: "an accident just don't admit that, how can you trust again." the other one investor said, she is ready to turn money to other bank: "I would not dare to buy its financial products. This is when bitten by the dog."

Under the pressure, huaxia bank Shanghai branch President ZhengChao also said: "the Chinese bank will bear the responsibility should be, but need according to certain legal procedures. Huaxia bank head office also said sent two announcement, said the description products not the bank issued or sell goods on a commission basis, the justice department has intervened, the bank will wait for judicial results, shall bear responsibility.

【 alarm 】 annual earnings 8% will alert

So big of fraud, and openly in the bank sales. Not make investors worry, later also can't trust the bank, in the face of some "temptation" high yield product, it can not buy?

To this, a joint-stock bank President when accepting a reporter to interview said that consumers can buy products more leave some mind's eye: "such as if is a bank the product developed by itself, contract both parties for investors and Banks, and will be capped bank official seal; at the same time, the 1 year period bank product development, yield little more than 8%.

In addition, the responsible person, most Banks also can "sell" other investment products, such as sales fund, trust plan, private equity funds. But the bank only for distribution channels, no product income risk. Judge a "sell products" whether really to "sell", and can be accessed by investors "check bank website if there is a notice", "check the bank on the net sale on a commission basis product catalogue" way of identification.

However, the reporter noticed that, although the turmoil huaxia bank corrupting vibrant traditions, but the real in the law to make bank, bear the responsibility is not easy. A long-term work in the financial law lawyer says: "whether for unit behavior, we can see its behavior is in the unit within the scope of business regulations. Only members of the unit in the unit on the matters specified in the implementation of the behavior is unit behavior, it is personal behavior.

And from the criminal law can also see that the legal thinking: "criminal law, the unit crime is to get illegal profits for this unit, the unit collective research decision or the relevant responsible officer decided to implement harm social behavior.

"A lot of people think, as long as the leadership, is also involved in the unit behavior. This is the misunderstanding of the law." the lawyer said, from huaxia bank case look, PuTingTing behavior is not duty behavior, because duty behavior is refers to the unit staff in the responsibility and authority of the implementation of the provisions in the behavior of bootleg products clearly in the duty limits of authority.

To investigate the facts from the current view, huaxia bank jiading branch sales of the investment products in the head office, not submit more not according to program to be reported to the supervision department for examination and approval, and submit. This is the Chinese bank head office has been denied this paragraph four foreign financial product is the reason of the consignment. A source said: "the Chinese in let supervision layer is very angry, and even cause investors to domestic Banks selling financial products don't trust crisis, the incident can also exposed part of the bank internal control management failure factors."

华夏银行嘉定支行